But, in the history of india, mahmud was a fanatic sunni muslim, a barbaric foreign bandit, a plunderer and wanton destroyer of fine arts. He turned the former provincial city of ghazni into the rich capital of an extensive empire which included modernday afghanistan, most of iran, and parts of northwest india including modernday pakistan. How samgramaraja of kashmir repulsed attacks of mahmud of. The most remarkable event in the history of medieval iran was the rise of the ghaznavid empire. For over four decades, marxist historians have dominated writing of history books. Know the overall place and significance of mahmud ghazni s 17 times. Mahmud of ghazni project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Sultan got an excellent education in his childhood. His first attack was against king jaipal of sindh and punjab. It was all due to the success and achievements of mahmud. History of muslim rule in india mahmud ghaznavi to aurangzeb. Subuktigin died in 997, and after a brief struggle his son, known to history as mahmud of ghazni, succeeded him.
The first important centre of persian literature existed at ghazna presentday ghazni, afghanistan, at the court of ma. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan, pakistan, and northern. Mahmud of ghazni, under his reign the region broke away from the samanid sphere of influence. The province contains 19 districts, encompassing over a thousand villages and roughly 1. His father, abu mansur sabuktegin, was a mamluk warrior slave of turkic origin, and the founder of the ghaznavid empire. King sabugtageen fought against simonids nation and defeat them. What is the truth about the somnath temple and mahmud of. Mahmud of ghazni november 971 30 april 1030 was the first independent ruler of the ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from 998 to 1030.
Mahmood ghazni was the son of abu mansur sabuktigin, who was a turkish slave soldier of the samanid ruler. Find information about mahmud ghaznis invasions of india, its venue, year, reasons, winner, loser and aftermath of the battles. Ghazni became the seat of power of islam and the centre of its progress in culture including education, scholarship and fine arts. He had taken part in all of his fathers campaigns against jaipal, and knew the weakness of the indian armies as well as the riches of the kings and temples. Sultan mahmud ghaznavi life history history books, history, life. There is a sharp difference of opinion regarding the number of invasions made by mahmood on india. Detailed information is given on mahmuds seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their geographical setting. The triumphalist accounts of the event in turkopersian chronicles became the main source. Do you know raja samgramaraja repulsed several attacks of mahmud of ghazni in kashmir. He conquered the eastern portions of the persian empire including, modern afghanistan, and the northwestern indian subcontinent modern pakistan from 997 to his death in 1030. Well, while mainstream history books paints mahmud ghazni to be invincible on his fast attack helicopter to launch plundering raids into heartland of indi.
Mahmud of ghazni was a great soldier and conqueror. He was 27 years old then and the first ruler to get the title as sultan, which. History chiefly remembers mahmud of ghazni for this nefarious deed and even the textbook history of the ancient somnath temple usually centers around this infamous looting raid. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan, pakistan, and. There are various stories in medieval texts describing the lack of interest shown by mahmud to ferdowsi and his lifes work. Mahmud s territorial gains lay mainly w and n of afghanistan and in the punjab. Dunhaung is an ancient town along the trade route known as the silk road. Mehmud of ghazni plundered india 17 times and he attacked different indian rulers. Mahmud founded a university at ghazni with a vast collection of valuable books of various languages.
Mahmuds territorial gains lay mainly w and n of afghanistan and in the punjab. Utbis history is generally called alyamini after mahmuds moniker. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for an. Islamic influence had gone moribund in the conquered areas by. But more than just being a patron of persian culture. Due to this mahmood ghaznavi is considered as a looter and plunder by the most of the nonmuslims of south asia. History of muslim rule in india mahmud ghaznavi to aurangzeb video. Subuktgin the father of mehmud had also attacked jaipal but war ended a draw. Detailed information is given on mahmud s seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their geographical setting.
The many voices of a history, ten reasons why romila thapars meeting with mahmud of ghazni at somnath is historic. In his attack on waihind near peshawar in 100, mahmud is reported to have captured. He took ghazni place in afghanistan from simonids and maintained government there. Text books and history mahmud of ghazni somnath temple mahmud ghazni mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the. Plunderer mahmud could never defeat the kashmiri king.
Rewriting history and mahmud ghaznavi kashmir herald. After the death of sabuktigin, his son ismail claimed the throne for a temporary period, but he was defeated and captured by mahmud in 998 at the battle of ghazni. In 998ad mahmood took control of the ghazni and also conquered qandahar. While he acknowledged the abbasids as caliph as a matter of form, he was also granted the title sultan as recognition of his independence. Aburayhanalbiruni born 987 ad was a muslim scientist and historian attached to the court of mahmud of ghazni, the ravager of india. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or. However another forgotten aspect of the somnath temple was the floating shivalinga in the temple. Originally published in 1931, this book presents a historical account regarding the life and times of mahmud of ghazni.
A historical narrative states in this battle, under the onslaught of the gakhars, mahmuds army was. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent, khwarazm in transoxiana, and makran. Besides, raja samgramaraja also helped trilochanpala, the hindu sahi ruler of lahore, with an army against mahmud of ghazni. Mahmud of ghazni destroyed and looted one of the most sacred temples of hindus somnath temple in 1025 ad killing over 50,000 people who tried to defend it. However, modern historians believe this was an attempt to connect himself with the history of old persia. Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history. Albiruni traveled to india and there studied sanskrit and translated texts into arabic and persian. The kitabiiyamini, historical memoirs of the amir sabaktagin and. Gansu province is known as the western gateway to china. Real history of muslim rule in india mahmud ghaznavi to aurangzeb october 24, 2015 india, top stories 5 comments with the increase in the intolerance towards minorities in india there is a need to look into the reasons for it. His successors in the ghaznavid dynasty, which mahmud founded, ruled over a reduced domain with the capital at lahore until 1186.
Mahmud defeated, captured, and later released the shahi ruler jayapala, who had moved his capital to peshawar modern pakistan. From will durant to stanley wolpert, including hindu nationalists like k. Jayapala killed himself and was succeeded by his son anandapala. Mahmud of ghazni in 998 ad, the turkish conqueror, mahmud of ghazni, succeeded his father, and established a huge empire in central asia, with capital at ghazni, the presentday south kabul.
In his home base at ghazni, he built a library to rival that of the abbasid caliphs. Mahmud of ghazna is important in islamic history because his actions set the tone for the interaction between the world of islam and the world of the hindus. Though not an indian figure, the persona of mahmud of ghazni 997 1030 ce is of immense importance to the contours of indian history. Local history and folklore books pointed towards the presence of several ancient caves along the gandgarh range that contained cues about its. The actions of one person in any age cause ripples that affect the lives of thousands who live downstream. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the. Why couldnt indian rulers defeat muhammad gazni even a. At ghazna see ghazni, his capital, he built a magnificent mosque. It lies on the important kabulkandahar highway, and has historically functioned as an important.
Jun 18, 2017 mahmud of ghazni was born in ad 971 in the town of ghazni, khorasan which is today in the southeastern part of afghanistan. It was first depicted as a trauma for the hindu population not in india, but in the house of commons. How samgramaraja of kashmir repulsed attacks of mahmud of ghazni. Complete information of mahmud ghaznis invasions of india. In 997, he overthrew his younger brother, ismail, who had been. Mahmud of ghazni november 971 30 april 1030, also known as mahmudi zabuli, was the most prominent ruler of the ghaznavid empire. Brilliant and ambitious, mahmud at once turned his attention to india. In 994 mahmood joined his father in the conquest of ghazni for samanid ruler, it was the time of instability for samanid empire. In 998 ad, the turkish conqueror, mahmud of ghazni, succeeded his father, and established a huge empire in central asia, with capital at ghazni, the presentday south kabul. Mahmud of ghazni is a much reviled character in hindu literature, while. Find information about mahmud ghazni s invasions of india, its venue, year, reasons, winner, loser and aftermath of the battles. In 1026, sultan mahmud of ghazni raided the hindu temple of somanatha somnath in textbooks of the colonial period. Mahmud, a turkish chieftain of ghazni i aghanistan, award of his strength and influence, destroyed these kingdoms one after the other and united the whole of eastern iran into the ghaznavid empire and adopted persian culture, language and traditions.
In this article, let us focus on how mahmud ghaznavi is portrayed in history books written for indian school children and what his contemporary and other muslim. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books. The story of the raid has reverberated in indian history, but largely during the raj. Mahmud was the son of sabuktigin, a turkopersian slave of the yamini tribe who served alptigin, the turkish adventurer. Know the overall place and significance of mahmud ghaznis 17 times. From wikibooks, open books for an open world mahmud of ghazni 9711030 was the first sultan of the ghaznavid dynasty in afghanistan. Mahmud of ghazni started out in the world as a constant. Jul 02, 20 though not an indian figure, the persona of mahmud of ghazni 997 1030 ce is of immense importance to the contours of indian history. Similarities and dissimilarities between mahmud and ghori.
Mahmud of ghazna, mahmud of ghaznin, muhammad habib, ghaznin, delhi sultanate, rezavi. Mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the dynasty of ghaznavids, ruling from. A zealous sunni moslem, he plundered wealthy india and used the booty to patronize culture in ghazni, making it the center of persoislamic civilization. Mahmud was born in the town of ghazni in the region of zabulistan now presentday afghanistan on 2 november 971. Munshi and the current crop of hindutva fundamentalists, identify the raid of mahmud of ghazni in 1026 ad and his desecration of the somanatha temple in gujarat as a event that left a traumatic imprint on hindus for ages to come. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. His father, sabuktigin, was a turkic slave commander who laid foundations to the ghaznavid dynasty in ghazni in 977, which he ruled as a subordinate of the samanids, who ruled khorasan and transoxiana. Why aurangzeb and mahmud ghazni are heroes in pakistan but villains in india and how the colonial state helped engender this narrative. In 1001 mahmud of ghazni first invaded modern day afghanistan and pakistan and then parts of india.
In the name of islam, he conquered the eastern iranian lands and the northwestern indian subcontinent from 997 to his death in 1030. There is a sharp difference of opinion regarding the number of invasions made by. Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history thoughtco. A concise biography of sultan mahmud ghaznavi is written.
In this, wherever he went, he converted people to islam. The region of mahmuds activity extended from peshawar to kanauj in the east and from peshawar to anhilwara in the south. It laid down the foundation for the writing of the modern scientific history of medieval india. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father mahmud in 1030. Alptigin was earlier awarded the province of ghazni is eastern afghanistan by the caliph of baghdad in return for his military assistance. Rewriting history and mahmud ghaznavi vinod kumar ever since the bharatiya janata party bjp headed coalition came to power in delhi, rewriting of history has been a contentious issue. The sultan mahmud loved books and honored learned men. Tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni by firishtah, muhammad qasim hindu. Real history of muslim rule in india mahmud ghaznavi to aurangzeb october 24, 2015 india, top stories 5 comments with the increase in the intolerance towards minorities in.
In 1029, the sultan mahmud of ghazni burned the library and all the books found to be heretical. Jun 11, 2019 history chiefly remembers mahmud of ghazni for this nefarious deed and even the textbook history of the ancient somnath temple usually centers around this infamous looting raid. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into a extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent,khwarazm in transoxiana, and makran. Mahmud built a number of madaras institutions of higher learning and mosques. Mahmud of ghazni simple english wikipedia, the free. Mahmud of ghazni mahmud of ghazni 9711030 was the first sultan of the ghaznavid dynasty in afghanistan. Mahmud of ghazni wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The most famous of his monuments is the celestial bride, the great jama masjid of. Text books and history mahmud of ghazni somnath temple mahmud ghazni mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from 999 to 1030. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. The heritage of ghazni and bukhara columbia university. Some opine that in all, twelve invasions were made while some others write that seventeen invasions were made by mahmood on india. When he was young, mahmud helped his father gain land through military campaigns against turk nobles. What kingdom did mahmud of ghazni plunder 17 times.
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